Facile green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from marine algae Gelidiella acerosa and evaluation of its biological Potential (2025)

Bioengineered gold nanoparticles from marine seaweed Acanthophora spicifera for pharmaceutical uses: antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2020

In this study, we report a green synthesis of pharmaceutically active gold nanoparticles from marine red alga Acanthophora spicifera by the reduction of chloroauric acid. The formation of A. spicifera-mediated gold nanoparticles (As-AuNPs) was characterized by several analytical techniques. The crystalline and face-centered cubic (fcc) structure were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Electron microscopy results confirmed that As-AuNPs were spherical and the average size of particles was < 20 nm. As-AuNPs hold a significant level of antioxidant activities than A. spicifera extract. As-AuNPs exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Vibrio harveyi than Staphylococcus aureus at 100 µg/ml. Furthermore, As-AuNPs exhibited the utmost cytotoxicity against human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells and registered the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) at 21.86 µg/ml. These findings authenticated that the synthesized As-AuNPs possess a broad spectrum of biological activities, and it can be effectively applied in the field of aquaculture and biomedical application.

Pharmacological Activity of Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles from Brown Algae- Seaweed Turbinaria conoides

NanoWorld Journal, 2018

The purpose of in vitro testing in the present study is to demonstrate the antidiabetic activity and anti-inflammatory activity of biosynthesized gold nanoparticle (AuNp) from Turbinaria conoides. The anti-diabetic activity by different in vitro methods method, anti-inflammatory activity by HRBC membrane stabilization assay and anticoagulant activity by calculating prothrombin time was carried out in the concentration range of (50 µl/ml, 100 µl/ml and 200 µl/ml) respectively. The inhibition rate of gold nanoparticle from Turbinaria conoides exhibited significantly maximum activity of 57.3% at concentration of 200 µg/ml and minimum level inhibition of 42.9% in 50 µl when compared with the standard drug Glinil that showed inhibition of maximum 85.6% and minimum 77.1%.

Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity of Red Sea Seaweeds Extracts-Mediated Gold Nanoparticles

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is emerging as a better alternative to traditional chemical-based techniques. During this study, extracts of different marine algae species Ulva rigida (green algae), Cystoseira myrica (brown Algae), and Gracilaria foliifera (red Algae) were utilized as reducing and capping agents to synthesize AuNPs. AuNPs capped by U. rigida, C. myrica, and G. foliifera were confirmed by the appearance of surface plasmonic bands at 528, 540, and 543 nm, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy revealed mostly spherical shapes of AuNPs having a size of about 9 nm, 11 nm, and 13 nm for C. myrica, and G. foliifera extracts, respectively. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) illustrated the major chemical constituents of U. rigida, C. myrica, and G. foliifera. LC50 values of the biosynthesized AuNPs against Artemia salina nauplii were calculated at a range of concentrations (5-188 μg ml−1) after 16 to 24h. AuNPs concentration-dependent lethali...

Effect of Gold Chloride Concentration and Volume on Size and Shape of Biological Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) Using Red Algae (Laurencia papillosa

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were successfully synthesized using an eco-friendly method in a single-step reaction with red algae (Laurencia papillosa). In this research we investigated the factors that affect the characteristics of AuNPs, such as the size, shape, surface profile and surface chemistry. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron microscope (FESEM), and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) measurements. Computational analysis of the size distribution, surface profile, area and value of the different AuNPs synthesized were carried out using freeware ImageJ. The study revealed that the color of the solutions of HAuCl 4 was changed from yellow to ruby red indicating that metallic gold nanoparticles were synthesized. TEM images of the synthesized AuNPs showed different shapes and sizes ranging from 3.5 to 53 nm at max = 586 nm in different concentrations (Graphical Abstract). The resulting shapes were spherical and triangular crystalline gold nanoparticles with varied oxidation states of Au (0) and Au (+1). One of our future goals in Plant Virology is the use of these gold nanoparticles as a carrier in biological control of plant virus diseases using viral satellite RNA as a biological control agent against severe plant virus diseases (United States Patent No. US 8,138,390 B2). The functional groups in the algal extract responsible for the synthesis of the AuNPs were identified to be NH + 2 and OH − groups. The optimum ratio of Au/Algal extract required for producing small sizes of AuNPs was found to be 1:2. The Algal water-extract has dual functions in this synthesis: they act as reducing and stabilizing agent. AuNPs have many biological, industrial and medical applications which include treatments against plant virus and cancer diseases.

Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using Scytosiphon lomentaria (Brown algae) and Spyridia filamentosa (Red algae) from Kyrenia Region and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity

Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 2019

B u çalışma, Scytosiphon lomentaria (kahverengi yosun) ve Spyridia filamentosa (kırmızı yosun) kullanılarak altın nanopartiküllerinin (AuNPs) sentezi için yürütülmüş ve bu iki türden kullanılarak sentezlenen naopartiküllerin karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Altın nanoparçacıklar daha sonra UV-Vis spektrofotometre, FTIR ve Mastersizer kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. UV-Vis kullanılarak altın nanopartiküllerin oluşumu 540 nm'de oluşan pik ile görülmektedir. FTIR'daki gerilme, deniz yosunu ekstraktında bulunan biyomoleküllerin altın iyonlarını azalttığını göstermiştir. Mastersizer sonuçları, nanoparçacıkların 15-55 nm aralığında geniş bir dağılım göstermektedir. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) serbest radikal yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen antioksidan aktivitesi, her iki nanopartikül için de önemli aktiviteler göstermiştir. S. typhii ve E. coli kullanılarak antimikrobiyal etkileri araştırılmıştır. S. lomentaria altın nanoparçacıklar E. coli'ye karşı inhibisyon sergilerken, S. filamentosa altın nanopartiküllerı S. typhi'ye karşı inhibisyon göstermiştir. Stabilize edici ajan olarak kullanılan S. lomentaria ve S. filamentosa özütleri ile sentezlenen altın nanoparçacıklar, hem gram negatif hem de gram pozitif bakterilere karşı ikna edici antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivite göstermiştir.

Green synthesis, antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic effect of gold nanoparticles using Pistacia Atlantica extract

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2018

A simple, affordable and ecofriendly method for synthesis gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using Pistacia Atlantica (leave and fruit) extract at the room temperature, has been carry out in the present study. Higher reaction rate about a minute is so noticeable and Au NPs synthesis with this method provided nontoxic carrier for application. Various analytical technique including UV-vis absorption spectroscopy approved presence of Au NPs in the solution, the functional groups of Pistacia Atlantica extract in the reduction and capping process of Au NPs is determined by FT-IR, crystallinity with the fcc plane approved from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) determined existence of elements in the sample, surface morphology, diverse shapes and size of present Au NPs were showed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of Au NPs were studied. Agar disk and agar well diffusion are the methods to determined antibacterial properties of synthesized Au NPs. Also MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) were recognized by macro broth dilution assay. DPPH free radical scavenging assay was used for antioxidant property and compare to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as standard antioxidant. Synthesized Au NPs have great cell viability in a dose depended manner and demonstrate that this method for synthesis Gold nanoparticles provided nontoxic. The average diameter of synthesized Au NPs was about 50-60 nm.

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by marine baitworm Marphysa moribidii Idris, Hutchings and Arshad 2014 (annelida: polychaeta) and its antibacterial activity

Advances in Natural Sciences, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2020

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have unique and outstanding optical properties that can be applied in various applications. The current productions of AuNPs are cumbersome owing to the use of reducing agents which are highly reactive and toxic in nature. Hence, a biogenic synthesis of AuNPs by exploiting local marine baitworm (Polychaeta), Marphysa moribidii as potential reducing agents was conducted. AuNPs were biosynthesised by using different masses of polychaete extracts (5, 10, 15, and 20 g) and observed up to 3 months. The formation of AuNPs was confirmed by the appearance of red-ruby colour and the presence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption peaks (548-563 nm) from UV-Vis spectroscopy. The AuNPs were in spherical-like shapes with large aggregations based on scanning electron microscope (SEM). The average particle size and morphology of AuNPs were confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (30-150 nm) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) (20-100 nm). Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were carried out on polychaete extracts to explore the functional groups existing and also to prove the absence of AuNPs in them. Lastly, the antibacterial assessment of AuNPs was examined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and revealed the exhibition of antibacterial activity on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Apoptotic and Antioxidant Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Marine Brown Seaweed: An In Vitro Study

BioMed Research International

A major paradigm shift in the field of nanobiotechnology is the invention of an eco-friendly, economical, and green approach for synthesis of metal nanoparticles. In the present study, we have synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using aqueous extracts of marine brown seaweed Sargassum longifolium. The synthesized nanoparticle was subjected to characterization using different techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and elemental dispersive X-ray diffraction. Further, the seaweed extract and the synthesized AuNPs were evaluated for its anticancer effect using MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells besides in vitro antioxidant effect. The formation of S. longifolium-mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles was demonstrated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Presence of elemental gold was confirmed by EDX analysis. TEM analysis demonstrated spherical morphology of the synthe...

Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles from marine alga Colpomenia sinuosa and its in vitro anti-diabetic activity

Diabetes is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. The intestinal digestive enzymes alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase plays a key role in carbohydrate digestion, one main anti-diabetic approach is to reduce the post prandial glucose level in blood by inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles is an active area of application research in nanotechnology. Biological means by using plants, algae, fungi, bacteria are been employed for the production of low-cost, energy efficient, and non-toxic silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were prepared from marine alga Colpomenia sinuosa by green synthesis method and the characterization were determined using various techniques like UV – Nano photometer, XRD, FT-IR and SEM. In the present study antidiabetic activity was studied from the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from the marine brown alga Colpomenia sinuosa. The assay results of silver nanoparticles showed dose dependent significantly (P<0.005) increase in percentage inhibitory activity against α– amylase and α–glucosidase enzymes.

Immunomodulatory and Antitumoral Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Red Algae Aqueous Extracts

Marine Drugs

This study reports on the green and cost-efficient synthesis of gold nanoparticles from three different red algae extracts. The nanoparticles synthesized were fully characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, HRTEM, and Z-potential. Relevant components occurring in the extracts, such as polysaccharides or phenolic content, were assessed by analytical techniques such as spectrophotometric assays and liquid chromatography. Finally, the antioxidant, antitumoral, and anti-inflammatory potential of both the extracts and the gold nanoparticles synthesized were analyzed in order to determine a possible synergistic effect on the nanoparticles. The results obtained confirmed the obtainment of gold nanoparticles with significant potential as immunotherapeutic agents. The therapeutic potential of these nanoparticles could be higher than that of inert gold nanoparticles loaded with bioactive molecules since the former would allow for higher accumulation into the targeted tissue.

Antibacterial activity of algae mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles from Turbinaria conoides

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is an important technique in improved methods of eco-friendly nanoparticles production. In this investigation, the biomedically valid gold nanoparticle was synthesized by using marine brown algae Turbinaria conoides. The colour changes from brown to pinkish red confirmed the gold nanoparticles synthesis. The triangle, rectangle and square shaped and 60 nm average sized gold nanoparticles were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The nature of elemental gold was analysed by using Energy dispersive analysis (EDS). Finally the antibacterial activity of gold nanoparticles was performed; it shows Streptococcus sp having the maximum inhibition and medium range of inhibition was examined against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine algae Caulerpa racemosa and their antibacterial activity against some human pathogens

We present the synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles using Caulerpa racemosa, a marine algae. Fresh C. racemosa was collected from the Gulf of Mannar, Southeast coast of India. The seaweed extract was used for the synthesis of AgNO3 at room temperature. UV–visible spectrometry study revealed surface plasmon resonance at 413 nm. The characterization of silver nanoparticle was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). FT-IR measurements revealed the possible functional groups responsible for reduction and stabilization of the nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the particles were crystalline in nature with face-centered cubic geometry. TEM micrograph has shown the formation of silver nanoparticles with the size in the range of 5–25 nm. The synthesized AgNPs have shown the best antibacterial activity against human pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. The above eco-friendly synthesis procedure of AgNPs could be easily scaled up in future for the industrial and therapeutic needs.

Biosynthesis of antibacterial gold nanoparticles using brown alga, Stoechospermum marginatum (kützing)

Biosynthesis, characterization and synergistic effect of phytogenic gold nanoparticles by marine picoeukaryote Picochlorum sp. in combination with antimicrobials

Rendiconti Lincei, 2014

In the present work, gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) have been successfully synthesized by the marine picoeukaryote, Picochlorum sp. The alga culture was used as a reductant for HAuCl 4 Á3H 2 O resulting in the phytosynthesis of Au-NPs within 48 h. The algal biomass turned purple in color due to the phytogenic Au-NPs at intracellular level. The phytogenic Au-NPs are characterized by surface plasmon band observed close to 520 nm; the phytogenic Au-NPs accumulated in plastids with an average size of 11 nm. The strong signals of gold were reported in their corresponding EDX spectra. FTIR analysis revealed that polysaccharide and protein biomolecules in the algae cell do dual function of reducing the Au 3? ions and stabilizing the phytogenic Au-NPs. In combination with ampicillin (10 lg), gentamicin (10 lg), amphotericin B (25 lg), the phytogenic Au-NPs exerted an outstanding antimicrobial effect and biocidal action against the tested Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and the tested fungal pathogens. This study suggested that the different bioactive compounds reported in the FTIR profile of the phytogenic Au-NPs along with the presence of different fatty acids may play an important role in the synergistic antimicrobial effect of the phytogenic Au-NPs produced by Picochlorum sp. These results not only provide a green approach for the synthesis of Au-NPs but also open a door for new pharmaceutical leads.

Green biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Galaxaura elongata and characterization of their antibacterial activity

Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2013

The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au) using Galaxaura elongata (powder or extract) is demonstrated here. The rapid formation of stable Au nanoparticles has been found using G. elongata extract in aqueous medium at normal atmospheric condition. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that the particles are spherical in shape along with a few rod, triangular, truncated triangular and hexagonal shaped nanoparticles. Zeta potential measurements indicated that the Au nanoparticles were in the size range of 3.85-77.13 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that nanoparticles were capped with alga compounds. The chemical constituents, viz. Andrographolide, Alloaromadendrene oxide, glutamic acid, hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, 11-eicosenoic acid, stearic acid, gallic acid, Epigallocatechin Catechin and Epicatechin gallate of the algal extract were identified which may act as a reducing, stabilizing and capping agent. The nanoparticles were also evaluated for their antibacterial activities which showed better antibacterial effects with maximum inhibition zones of 17-16 mm by AuNPs synthesized by ethanolic extract against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and MRSA, respectively, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13 mm). Furthermore, the nanoparticles synthesized by the powder of G. elongata were found to be highly effective against E. coli and K. pneumoniae (13.5 and 13 mm), respectively. On the other hand, the free ethanolic extract of G. elongata exhibits high activity only against MRSA (14 mm).

Algal production of nano-silver and gold: Their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities: A review

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 2016

The spreading of infectious diseases and the increase in incidence of drug resistance among pathogens have made the search for new antimicrobials inevitable, similarly is the cancer disease. Nowadays, there is a growing need for biosynthesized nanoparticles (NPs) as they are one of the most promising and novel therapeutic agents of biological origin. The unique physicochemical properties of the nano silver (Ag-NPs) as well as nano gold (Au-NPs) when combined with the growth inhibitory capacity against microbes lead to an upsurge in the research on NPs and their potential application as antimicrobials. The phytochemicals of marine algae that include hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino functional groups can serve as effective metal reducing agents and as capping agents to provide a robust coating on the metal NPs. The biosynthesis of Ag-NPs and Au-NPs using green resources is a simple, environmentally friendly, pollutant-free and low-cost approach. The biosynthesized NPs using algae exerted an outstanding antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect.

Green Synthesis of Silver nanoparticles Using Marine Algae Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity

2018

In this study, we used an environmentally friendly chemistry to synthesize nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded biological marine extracts (BME) from four species of marine algae. Twelve extracts from four species of seaweeds (U. fasciata , Grateloupia sp., P. capillacea and C. mediterranea) were used for synthesis AgNPs/BME, antibacterial properties were investigated and hence anti-biofilm activity against indicator strains and bacterial community using well-cut diffusion technique and pouring technique. The positive records of antibacterial activity ranged between 2.4 and 23.6 AU. Occasionally, as well as, SUDW showed high AU (6.6) against bacterial community in water from both harbors. Aqueous extract of Ulva fasciata was selected highly efficient, among all algae species screened for the green synthesis of AgNPs/BME. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs/UE against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aureogenosa, Esche...

Recent progress of algae and blue-green algae-assisted synthesis of gold nanoparticles for various applications

Bioprocess and biosystems engineering, 2018

The hazardous effects of current nanoparticle synthesis methods have steered researchers to focus on the development of newer environmentally friendly and green methods for synthesizing nanoparticles using nontoxic chemicals. The development of environmentally friendly methods of nanoparticle synthesis with different sizes and shapes is one of the pressing challenges for the current nanotechnology. Several novel green approaches for the synthesis of AuNPs have been explored using different natural sources, such as plants, algae, bacteria, and fungi. Among organisms, algae and blue-green algae are of particular interest for nanoparticle synthesis. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have a range of applications in medicine, diagnostics, catalysis, and sensors because of their significant key roles in important fields. AuNPs have attracted a significant interest for use in a variety of applications. The widespread use of AuNPs can be accredited to a combination of optical, physical, and chemic...

Phyco-Mediated Synthesis of Ag/AgCl Nanoparticles Using Ethanol Extract of a Marine Green Algae, Ulva Fasciata Delile with Biological Activity

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 2021

Due to nanotechnology's unique capabilities in the fields of medicine, a great deal of attention has recently been devoted to the development of nanoparticle-based different drugs. In this study, silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl-NPs) were synthesized by an ethanol extract of Ulva fasciata (UF-extract) to examine their biological properties. The formation of Ag/AgCl-NPs was verified by changing the color solution and detecting a prominent peak of the Uv-visible spectrum. SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, DLS, and Zeta potential were applied to the analysis of physicochemical properties of NPs. After that, NPs were studied to determine their antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities. SEM and TEM micrographs have shown that Ag/AgCl-NPs have appropriate nanostructures below 100 nm with spherical shapes. The XRD pattern of Ag/AgCl-NPs demonstrated irregular crystalline phases suggesting an amorphous structure. The FTIR spectrum verified the role of functional groups of algal metabolites in NPs synthesis and stabilization. The Zeta potential predicted a surface charge of about-16 mV. The results of antifungal experiments showed that Ag/AgCl-NPs have high inhibitory activity against Candida albicans and C. Glabrata. The antioxidant activity of Ag/AgCl-NPs confirmed their strong antioxidant capacity. Finally, the anti-cancer activity of Ag/AgCl-NPs was calculated based on LD 50 to be approximately 20 μg, which was almost twice as potent as the anti-cancer effect of the UF-extract. Taken together, phyco-fabricated Ag/AgCl-NPs seem to be biocompatible, cost-effective, and easy-to-use materials that can be used to achieve high potent drugs against various diseases, including pathogens and cancer cells.

Blue green alga mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles and its antibacterial efficacy against Gram positive organisms

Biofunctionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) play an important role in design and development of nanomedicine. Synthesis of AuNPs from biogenic materials is environmentally benign and possesses high bacterial inhibition and bactericidal properties. In the present study, blue green alga Spirulina platensis protein mediated synthesis of AuNPs and its antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria is discussed. AuNPs were characterized using Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, High Resolution-Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Stable, well defined AuNPs of smaller and uniform shape with an average size of ~5 nm were obtained. The antibacterial efficacy of protein functionalized AuNPs were tested against Gram positive organisms Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus